Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:

• music, art, love, happiness
• advice, information, news
• furniture, luggage
• rice, sugar, butter, water
• electricity, gas, power
• money, currency

We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:

• This news is very important.
• Your luggage looks heavy.

We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say "an information" or "a music". But we can say a something of:

• a piece of news
• a bottle of water
• a grain of rice

We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:

• I've got some money.
• Have you got any rice?

We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:

• I've got a little money.
• I haven't got much rice.

Uncountable nouns are also called "mass nouns".

Here are some more examples of countable and uncountable nouns:

Countable	Uncountable
dollar	money
song	music
suitcase	luggage
table	furniture
battery	electricity
bottle	wine
report	information
tip	advice
journey	travel
job	work
view	scenery

When you learn a new word, it's a good idea to learn whether it's countable or uncountable.
Nouns that can be Countable and Uncountable

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THE ZERO CONDITIONAL

    In 'zero' conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present:

'IF' CLAUSE (CONDITION)	MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT)
If + simple presentIf you heat ice If it rains	simple presentit melts. you get wet

NOTE: The order of the clauses is not fixed - the 'if' clause can be first or second:

• Ice melts if you heat it.
• You get wet if it rains.

    In these sentences, the time is now or always and the situation is real and possible. They are used to make statements about the real world, and often refer to general truths, such as scientific facts.

Examples:

a. If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
b. Plants die if they don't get enough water.
c. If my husband has a cold, I usually catch it.
d. If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.
e. If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

The structure below is often used to give instructions, using the imperative in the main clause:

• If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema.
• Ask Pete if you're not sure what to do.

GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

Gerund-Infinitive Patterns:

Verb + Gerund	Verb +Preposition +Gerund	Be  +Adjective +Preposition  +Gerund	Verb + Infinitive	Verb  +Inifinitive or Gerund
acknowledge	adapt to	be accustomed to	agree	attempt
admit	adjust to	be afraid of	aim	begin
advise	agree (with) on	be angry about	afford	can/can't bear
anticipate	apologize for	be ashamed of	appear	can/can't stand
appreciate	approve of	be capable of	arrange	cease
avoid	argue about	be certain about	ask	continue
consider	ask about	be concerned with	care	forget
defend	believe in	be critical of	choose	go on
defer	blame for	be discouraged from	claim	hate
delay	care about	be enthusiastic about	consent	like
deny	complain about	be familiar with	dare	love
detest	consist of	be famous for	decide	neglect
discuss	decided on	be fond of	decline	prefer
dislike	depend on	be glad about	demand	regret
endure	disapprove of	be good at	deserve	propose
enjoy	discourage from	be happy about	desire	remember
escape	engage in	be interested in	expect	see
excuse	forgive for	be known for	fail	start
feel like	give up	be nervous about	guarantee	stop
finish	help with	be perfect for	happen	try
go	inquire about	be proud of	hope
imagine	insist on	be responsible for	intend
involve	interfere with	be sad about	know
keep	keep on	be successful in	learn
mention	look forward to	be suitable for	manage
mind (object to)	object to	be tired of	need
miss	participate in	be tolerant of	offer
need (passive)	persist in	be upset about	plan
omit	plan on	be used to	pledge
postpone	prepare for	be useful for	prepare
practice	profit from	be worried about	pretend
prevent	prohibit from		promise
quit	put off		refuse
recall	result from		resolve
recollect	succeed in		seem
recommend	suffer from		tend
regret	talk about		struggle
resent	take part in		swear
resist	there's no point in		volunteer
resume	think about		wait
risk	warn about		want
suggest	work on		wish
tolerate	worry about		would like
understand

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